Think About Something Intresting

Business Cards

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:53:00 +0000

Business is growing and along with that grows the technology. the added advantage of having technology along with business Is that you can use technology to make work done at a faster rate, use them to calculate your employees efficiency and finally use it to market your finished product. Along with this you can popularize your business with the help of business card from 123print.com who provide business cards online itself. Here you have a huge collection of business cards that are sure to attract the concentration of active market investors. You are provided with an opportunity to design your own custom business cards if you feel that you need a truly new model cards. I am sure that technology in business cards has made business more challenging and interesting.

Web Hosting

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 21:58:00 +0000

With the technology developing at rapid rate, the field of web technology is no lagging behind, They to have introduced some new concepts and technologies that are revolutionizing the internet world. One such technology is webhosting; this is considered as a basic for creating web sites and company portals. Finding the best and most suitable web hosting was always a problem in the early of this decade but the web hosting geeks had some other plan. They made a new sort of arrangements that guides their customers to select the best web hosting based on the customer’s need. It is easy to get a cheap professional web hosting services under $10 a month. They provide with the best web hosting award in certain categories such as Linux, windows, PHP, email, e-commerce and many more. You can find the domain that you want based on your needs, such as if you go for an internet portal that should work only on windows you can select the windows web hosting domains.

My Policy

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 22:44:00 +0000

This blog is a personal blog written and edited by me. This blog accepts forms of cash advertising, sponsorship, paid insertions or other forms of compensation.

The compensation received may influence the advertising content, topics or posts made in this blog. That content, advertising space or post may not always be identified as paid or sponsored content.

This blog does contain content which might present a conflict of interest. This content may not always be identified.

Methods of measuring temperature

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 01:00:00 +0000

The temperature in a vessel or pipe is one of the most important parameters to monitor and control in any process. It may be measured by mercury-in-glass thermometers, bimetallic thermometers, pressure bulb thermometers, thermocouples, metal-resistance thermometers or thermistors. Accurate mercury-in-glass thermometers are used to check and calibrate the other temperature sensors.

Mercury-in-glass Thermometers - Mercury-in-glass thermometers may be used in small bench labs and institutes, because its fragility has restricted it use. In large fermenters it would be necessary to insert into thermometer pocket in the vessel, which introduces a time lag in registering the vessel temperature.
Electrical Resistance Thermometers -It is well known that the electrical resistance of metals changes with temperature variation. This property has been utilized in the design of resistance thermometers. The bulb of the instrument contains the resistance element, a mica framework (for very accurate measurement) or a ceramic framework (robust, but for less accurate measurement) around which the sensing element is wound. A platinum wire of 100-ohm resistance is normally used. Leads emerging from the bulb are connected to the measuring element. The reading is normally obtained by the use of a Wheat- stone bridge circuit and is a measure of the average temperature of the sensing element. They have a greater accuracy.
Thermistors - Thermistors are semiconductors made from specific mixtures of pure oxides of iron, nickel and other metals. Their main characteristic is a large change in resistance with a small temperature change. The change in resistance is a function of absolute temperature. The temperature reading is obtained with a Wheatstone bridge or a simpler or more complex circuit depending on the application. Thermistors are relatively cheap and have proved to be very stable, give reproducible readings, and can be sited remotely from the read-out point.

Basic Functions of A Fermenter For Microbial Or Animal Cell Culture

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Sat, 10 Oct 2009 00:58:00 +0000

The main function of a fermenter is to provide a controlled environment for the growth of micro organisms or animal cells, to obtain a desired product. In designing and constructing a fermenter a number of points must be considered:

The vessel should be capable of being operated aseptically for a number of days and should be reliable in long-term operation and meet the requirements of containment regulations.
Adequate aeration and agitation should be provided to meet the metabolic requirements of the micro-organism. However, the mixing should not cause damage to the organism.
Power consumption should be as low as possible.
A system of temperature control should be provided.
A system of pH control should be provided.
Sampling facilities should be provided.
Evaporation losses from the fermenter should not be excessive.
The vessel should be designed to require the minimal use of labour in operation, harvesting, cleaning and maintenance.
Ideally the vessel should be suitable for a range of processes, but this may be restricted because of containment regulations.
The vessel should be of similar geometry to both smaller and larger vessels in the pilot plant or plant to facilitate scale-up.
The cheapest materials which enable satisfactory results to be achieved should be used.

Cyclic fed-Batch Culture

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Wed, 07 Oct 2009 07:04:00 +0000

The life of variable volume fed-batch fermentation may be extended beyond the time it takes to fill the fermenter by withdrawing a portion of the culture and using the residual culture as the starting point for a further fed-batch process. The decrease in volume results in the significant increase in the dilute rate. This results in an increase in the specific growth rate. The increase is then followed by its gradual decrease as the quasi steady state is established. Such a cycle may be repeated several times resulting in a series of fed-batch fermentation. Thus, the organism would experience a periodic shift-up growth rate followed by a gradual shift-down. This periodicity in growth rate may be achieved in the fixed volume fed-batch systems by diluting the culture when the biomass reaches a concentration which cannot be maintained in aerobic conditions. Dilution results in decline of growth rate and increase of biomass, and once again the maximum sustainability in a vessel is obtained. Dilution would be achieved by withdrawing culture and refilling to the original level with sterile water or medium not containing feed substrate.

Continuous Bio-Mass production

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 07:03:00 +0000

Microbial biomass which is produced from human or animal consumption is referred to as single cell protein. Although yeast was produced as food on a large scale in Germany during the World War I, the concept of utilizing microbial biomass as food was not thoroughly investigated until the 1960s. Since then a large number of industrial companies have explored the potential and started producing the single cell proteins from a wide range of carbon sources. Almost without exception, these investigations have been based on the use of continuous culture as the growth technology. The continuous growth technology is the ideal method for the production of microbial biomass. The superior productivity of the technology compared with that of batch culture may be exploited fully and the problem of strain degeneration is not as significant as in the production of microbial metabolites. The selective pressure in the chemostat would tend to work in advantage of the industrialist producing single cell proteins. The development of “single cell proteins” production process generated considerable research into a large-scale chemostat design and the behavior of the production organism in these very large vessels.

Information Technology Management Issues

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 07:02:00 +0000

The task of managing information technology remains challenging for a variety of very important and critical reasons. Additional challenges for Information technology managers arise from their organization’s sociology and culture. Since these factors are for the most part, managerial issues rather than technical concerns, resolving them requires comprehensive management skill rather than rich technical skills. It is found that aligning the IT and corporate goals, re-engineering business process, redefining Information Technology’s role and contribution, and developing information architecture have been more important to Information technology and other executives for more than a decade. A latest survey by a group of researchers found the below statements needs to be improved.

Use information technology to improve productivity, quality and effectiveness.

creating and maintaining competitive advantage through information Technology

Redesigning Business process to make strategic planning

It should be no surprise that the concerns noted above are critical to the Information technology managers and their firms because information technology is at the heart of many businesses today.

CRC Modeling Team

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 04:59:00 +0000

In the early days of software development, a programming team would ask the client to write a specification describing exactly what they wanted the program to do. Once they had completed the specification, the client’s part of the job was over. The programmers would go back to their office and write the program based on the specification. After some period of time (usually lengthy) they would deliver the final result to the client. This might seem like a reasonable approach, but the results were often disappointing for the client. Later, the Object-Oriented Programming, which makes a close association with the client much easier because objects in the program correspond so closely with objects in the real world. First the client defines the objects that are important in the real world situation, which as we noted is called the problem domain or business domain then the programmer translates these objects into objects in the program. The approach we’ll describe for an initial approach to finding user requirements is called CRC where CRC stands for Class-Requirements-Collaborators.

Function Objects

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 18:58:00 +0000

Function objects are used extensively in the STL. One important use for them is as arguments to certain algorithms. They allow you to customize the operation of these algorithms. The class, however, has no data and only one member function, which is the overloaded operator. The class is often customized so it can work with different types.
1. The predefined STL function objects, located in the functional header file. There are function objects corresponding to all the major C++ operations. There are function objects for arithmetic operations, comparisons, and logical operations.
2. Custom function objects if one of the standard function objects doesn’t do what you want, you can write your own. Storing pointers is a good way to improve efficiency, especially for large objects, because it avoids the copying process that takes place whenever an object is placed in a container.

Function objects can also modify the behavior of containers. In some cases the same function is available as both an algorithm and a member function.

Variables visibility in Programming

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Mon, 21 Sep 2009 08:56:00 +0000

A variable’s visibility describes the locations within a program from which it can be accessed. It can be referred to in statements in some parts of the program; but in others, attempts to access it lead to an unknown variable error message. The word scope is also used to describe visibility. The scope of a variable is that part of the program where the variable is visible.

Automatic variables are only visible within the function in which they are defined. In the case of automatic variables, lifetime and visibility coincide: These variables exist only while the function in which they are defined is executing, and are only visible within that function.
External Variables - While automatic variables are defined within functions, external variables are defined outside of (external to) any function. An external variable is visible to all the functions in a program.
Static Variable - A static automatic variable has the visibility of a local variable Its lifetime is similar to that of an external variable, except that it doesn’t come into existence until the first call to the function containing it. Thereafter it remains in existence for the life of the program.

Transmittance for diffuse radiation

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 03:19:00 +0000

Radiation incident on a collector also consists of scattered solar radiation from the sky and possibly reflected solar radiation from the ground. In principle, the amount of this radiation that passes through the cover system can be calculated by integrating the transmitted radiation over all angles. However the angular distribution of this radiation is generally unknown. For incident isotropic radiation the integration can be performed. The presentation of the results can be simplified by defining an equivalent angle for the beam of radiation that gives the same transmittance as for diffusion radiation. For a wide range of conditions encountered in solar collector applications the angle is taken as 60 degrees. Circumsolar diffuse radiation can be considered as having the same angle of incidence as the beam radiation; diffuse radiation from the horizon is usually a small contribution to the total and as an approximation can be taken as having the same angle of incidence as the isotropic diffusion radiation.

Programming C++: using Header files and Library files

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Sat, 12 Sep 2009 08:03:00 +0000

The relationship between library files and header files can be confusing for any young budding programmer and to resolve this problem, I thought of posting a simple article of what I have learnt about them .say for example ceil(), it is a function that needs to be linked to a library file to your program using the linker. The function that is present in the source code which you typed must match with the exact name, arguments and return type with the function present in the library file. The relation between these both is as follows – the various functions that we use in our source program are grouped together to form the library file and the exact definition and information about these files lie in the header files only. The header files are a must in c++ and hence you must make sure that you include the correct header file for operation that you are going to do, then only the information about the function that you want will be included in the program.

Need for Inline functions in Programming

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Mon, 07 Sep 2009 16:55:00 +0000

Long sections of repeated code are generally better off as normal functions: The savings in memory space is worth the comparatively small sacrifice in execution speed. But making a short section of code into an ordinary function may result in little savings in memory space, while imposing just as much time penalty as a larger function. You could simply repeat the necessary code in your program, inserting the same group of statements wherever it was needed. The trouble with repeatedly inserting the same code is that you lose the benefits of program organization and clarity that come with using functions. The program may run faster and take less space, but the listing is longer and more complex. The solution to this problem is inline function. This kind of function is written like a normal function in the source file but compiles into inline code instead of into a function. The source file remains well organized and easy to read, since the function is shown as a separate entity.

Information System

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Wed, 02 Sep 2009 09:16:00 +0000

We are looking into the information systems for the past few days and we must make sure what are the components of the information system is. The Information system has needs only 4 major components such as the input, the output and the processing units. Along with these 3 major actors the system needs a feedback loop to identify and rectify the mistakes, and the system is placed in the environment so that people can deal with this information system easily and get desired job done. As always, the input segment is responsible for catching the information from the environment where it is located so that data from external environment flows into the internal system. The output is responsible with giving the processed information back to the environment. The Processing unit and the feed back and control loop helps in the proper implementation of the task. The processing unit process data, while the feed back and control loop returns any incorrect information in the output back to the input so that correct information can be obtained. Some of the common resources for the information system are Humans, network, raw data and some hardware and software to process data.

Is technology Related to any thing else?

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 01:15:00 +0000

This is the question that comes in the mind of the people when they read the above post. And the answer is yes. The main partners of technology are science and engineering. It is found by many scientists that all these three factors are always together and it’s nearly very difficult to separate these things from each other. Science is nothing but the study of facts, analysis of data which could lead to the discovery of new phenomenon and new results. Engineering is the way of implementing the results that are obtained as techniques and conclusions of science. Finally the technology is the combination of both science and technology and that is the reason I said these three and nearly inseparable. So when you are on to a science park, you should ask yourself
1. What is the basic scientific principle of this machine?
2. What are the engineering concepts involved in creation?
3. What is the technology implemented?

So it’s evident that technology never goes alone and has two more things side by side.

Types of Radiation

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Sun, 23 Aug 2009 18:53:00 +0000

In the previous post some days before we saw about radiation, today we will see the types of radiations present in the radiation technology.

Radiation

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Wed, 19 Aug 2009 14:52:00 +0000

There were many technologies that were developed over past three centuries. Many of them proved useful to humans, some proved too lethal. But there exists am another version of technology which is lethal and deadly, but when used under proper surveillance it can be useful for humans. There are many such technologies such as gun powder, radiation, laser and biological instruments. The definition of radiation goes like this – “in an environment, if energy emitted by any one body present, travels through a medium and other object in the environment and finally absorbed by some other body”. This principle is the basic for the development and construction of modern day scanning machines that are capable of scanning the body or metal parts for defects. The electro-magnetic waves generally preferred this is because their strength can b controlled and they can be made to move in the direction we want (by introducing electrical and magnetic fields). Recoding of the received strength is also easy, this technology has made man to think about its wide application in the numerous fields it is used.

Lithic technology

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Sat, 15 Aug 2009 08:51:00 +0000

One of the oldest technologies that were found earth is the lithic technology. This primarily defined as the collection of variety of art and usage of tools that are carved or made from stones. This technology also defines the style in which these weapons need to be used so that you can protect yourself from the deadly attacks of forest beasts. The country of Ethiopia bears a sole testimony during the revelation of this technology, later many countries found lithic age weapons in their home land. The first weapon that was discovered in the Ethiopia dated back to some 2-3 million years back. The lithic age was name based on the lithic technology and it’s divided into 3 parts as Paleolithic (refers to Old Stone-Age), Mesolithic (also known as Middle Stone Age in common), and Neolithic (the final New Stone Age). Sandstone, Basalt and Greenstone are some of the raw material used in this technology. This technology was found not to be used in many cultural people who existed during the lithic age.

Mainframe Information Architecture

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 11:53:00 +0000

One of the traditional and still surviving is the mainframe information system architecture. In this age old concept the mainframe computers are used to process data. The advantage of using this form of machine is that they have the capacity to process huge volume of data with in a short period of time. They use heavy back-ends enabling them to deal with huge volume of data; the common activities are retrieving, processing and storing back the data. It is always advisable to switch to this method of processing data when the number of consumers of data and volume of data increases, as these machines are developed to help man-kind in this form of situation. This form of systems dominated the computer world till 1980s before they were replaced due to certain draw-backs related to resource sharing and did not facilitate manipulation with extremely large volume of data. With advancement of PC and network, the revival of Mainframe information system is all set to begin because of the fact both these eliminate the disadvantage present in traditional main-frame information processing system.

My Policy

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Tue, 04 Aug 2009 00:37:00 +0000

This blog is a personal blog written and edited by me. This blog accepts forms of cash advertising, sponsorship, paid insertions or other forms of compensation. The compensation received may influence the advertising content, topics or posts made in this blog. That content, advertising space or post may not always be identified as paid or sponsored content. This blog does contain content which might present a conflict of interest. This content may not always be identified

Information System Architecture

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Mon, 03 Aug 2009 18:22:00 +0000

Architecture in general means the arrangement of components of a system in a particular order so that the flow of control and data are well monitored. Managing and updating the various features of the system become easy if the system is an architectural order. In accordance with this the information architecture represents the how the flow of information is organized within the system. The information architecture helps in building a proper strategy for best business practices so that people can blindly follow these standards. Another important aspect that needs to be taken in to consideration is the flexibility of the architecture. The flexibility concept here refers to the act of adding new technology concepts with respect to the variety of business and technology initiatives. The next important feature to be included in the Information System architecture is the fact that the IS needs to be independent of hardware and software components, meaning that any person should be able to understand the system, just by using the system once.

Information Processing using Information Technology

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Tue, 28 Jul 2009 08:03:00 +0000

As usage of computers became more and more importance than paper work, the need to maintain data secrecy became more important. This gained importance because of the introduction of the – internet and the WWW. The concept of centralized storage and information processing was developed – accordingly all data needs to be sent to the centralized storage after processing it, so that no worker has any information on his desk. Note: this principle is still being followed even today, as it is one of the best known tools for information secrecy. With network developed rapidly, people started to share resources among connected system; this reduced the cost of expenditure of the company in Information technology. All these things led to development of the Computer Based Information system, which was primarily based on the computers for survival. Today large main frame computers and super computers have evolved in the field of information processing so that people are helped a lot using these systems.

Information Technology in Business

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 05:18:00 +0000

The information technology is developing at a rapid rate and hence it became necessary that information technology to be implemented in the business. More management gurus and technical expert’s always advised people to use information technology and business together – what do you think of this idea? Is it interesting? Yes it is definitely when you have the WWW and the Internet developed, you need to use them to minimize your information flow cost. The various forms of networking such ass LAN, intranet, telnet and so on have made business more flexible and best human practices possible. In the near future what I predict is that the business can be confined to our living rooms or just to a place where a human ad a computer can alone be present. This is because of the fact that the IT – information technology has made communication so easy even to the remotest place on earth. The IT tools such as Internet, mobile phones, satellite communication has helped managers to de-organizing the information flow hierarchy and there by maximizing the production by reducing production cost.

Origin of Information Processing

noreply@blogger.com (Ruth) — Fri, 17 Jul 2009 09:10:00 +0000

There is so much information today for a business enterprise so that any company that does not use any information processing technology will surely find itself in a pathetic situation. In a company’s information flow structure, more amount of information is drawn towards the company and within departments, while only limited information is given out to the world. Most of the information that is circulated within the company is collected, analyzed and then only processed/used. In earlier days the information processing used huge amount of paper and a very large work-force. Both these factors favor towards loss, and nearly 45 years ago, a revolution occurred in information processing when the computers were introduced. In earlier days, calculating salary of employees of a company could itself take one month (provided all employees are involved in it) this form of action led olden days information processing. In the 1950s, computer and its related technology came to the aid of man-kind and using these technologies information processing was split into different segments or sections, which made information processing quite easier.